Factors that Contribute to the Popularity of Reality Shows...

Research aim and significance This study examines voting – a feature of interaction and engagement of audience with reality television. The study aims to investigate which factors influencing on television viewers’ decision to vote and also provide an exploration on their psychological side which may be vital for understanding their interactive behaviors. In the context of greater interaction between the programs and its audiences has been stimulating by television producers, it is significant to research this interactive form of reality television that encourages deeper audience participation. The findings of this study offer view on multiple sides involving opportunies and challenges for broadcast media companies and digital platform†¦show more content†¦In its most famous form (in such series as Big Brother, The X Factor, Idol and The Voice), reality television has been transformed into interactive cross-platform media experience, soliciting direct audience participation, by telephone and the use of interactive functions of digital technology (Charles, 2012). Griffen-Foley (2004) argued that all of these media outlets have sought to attend their consumers as ‘textual actors’ which boosted the perception of engagement and generate a ‘loyal community’ of audience. Among them, voting is assigned as a prominent and lucrative option of viewer feedback, particularly in talent-based reality shows (Enli Ihlebà ¦k, 2011). Godlewski and Perse (2010) developed the theory of audience activity to scrutinize the relationship between viewing motivations, recognition of the participants, ‘cognitive and emotional involvement’ before, during and after exposure to media content. The scholars discovered that, instead of according with the levels of cognitive and emotional involvement during exposure, reality television provides to the audiences new kinds of post-exposure activity and also opportunities for finding previously unavailable ‘additional gratifications’ through voting to affect the program’s result. Such interactivity creates involving experiences via the active control of the media. In addition, there is a higher level of psychological engagementShow MoreRelatedNegative Stereotypes in Reality Television1639 Words   |  7 PagesAs Reality TV becomes more prominent it seems as though negative stereotypes overtly saturate this genre of entertainment. 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Being a leader Free Essays

Since my childhood I am self motivated and committed to my work, due to my family background. My grandfather taught me a lot about discipline. I learned work ethics from my father in the first place through his attitude with colleagues at work and at home with the members of the family. We will write a custom essay sample on Being a leader or any similar topic only for you Order Now My education in engineering provided important technical knowledge, which ought to be entwined with the aforesaid principles. My software experience enhanced my skills in system analysis and bug fixing. I am a quick learner and a practical problem solver. I am good at leveraging my past experience into new technologies. I proved my commitment and project management skills by meeting the project deadlines at Countrywide Home loans. Management at Countrywide awarded me with Star Search Award, which portrays my adaptability and result oriented nature. Traditionally theorists stated that good leaders or not made but born (Lussier N. R. , 2006, p460). However, nowadays it is believed that leadership skills can be learned (Orlitzky M. et al 2003, p128-138). The following experiences also prove my leadership skills. After successful completion of my tertiary education in Computer Science and Engineering, I was offered a job in â€Å"FJ Benjamin Holdings,† Singapore in December 1995 after rigorous initial screening. At that time I was a team member of a group that was involved in developing an application for in house use. During its development phase many people left the company seeking better opportunities elsewhere. This led the director in charge of the project to think that the wrong decision was taken since the upper management initially was inclined to purchase the project rather than developing it in house. It was on the insistence of this Director that the company agreed to develop the application in house. Thus it was up to the Director to complete the work on time. I then took the matter at hand and commenced contacting my friends and others to join our group, in order to attain the objectives set. I induced some of my friends to join in the organization and thus helped in the continuance of the project at hand. Ultimately, we were successful in developing and implementing the project. Even though the project took more time than expected due to the adversaries faced, management was content that the project was completed with in the budget set. I was recognized and rewarded for my initiative and coordination of the staff accordingly. References: Lussier N. R. (2006). Management Fundamentals. Third Edition. United States of America: Thomson South-Western. Orlitzky M. ; Benjamin J. (2003). The effects of sea composition on small-group performance in a business school case competition, Academy of Management Learning, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp 128-138. How to cite Being a leader, Papers

UAE

Table of Contents Literature Review Methodology Conclusion References The UAE government has a sound and active foreign policy that was established by President Sheikh Zayed. The UAE foreign relations are created on the basis of diplomacy, negotiations and consideration.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on UAE-Afghanistan Foreign Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The United Arab Emirates, as a member of the Arab union that is geographically located in the Middle East, is considerate to its neighbors and plays a significant role in matters concerning the International community as a whole in the region (US Department of State, 2011). In order to fulfill its regional as well as international role, it has to ensure that regional, political and economic security as well as respect of human dignity is maintained. Thus, to ensure that this is achieved, its foreign policy is tailored to the principles of par tnerships through the dialogue and consensus locally and at international levels. Due to its economic and political stability, the UAE has a very influential role in Arab affairs in the Middle East. In order to achieve its diplomatic objectives, â€Å"one of the central features of the UAE’s foreign policy has been the development of closer ties with its neighbors in the Arabian Peninsula through the six-member Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)† (UAE, nd). Literature Review The UAE and Afghanistan relations have been greatly influenced by the UAE foreign policy, thus there exists bilateral relations between the two countries. In addition, due to Afghanistan’s security situation, the UAE has a military presence in the country in line with its policy of maintaining regional security and human dignity. Since 2006, UAE has played a more direct role in Afghanistan through its embassy in Kabul (Katzman, 2011). It also provides humanitarian relief to Afghanistan’s population by setting up hospitals, schools and religious centers all aimed at promoting human dignity (IPS, 2011). Due to the similarity of cultures and religion, the relations between these two countries have been fairly good as the local populations appeared to adapt easily to the UAE foreign policies. Nevertheless, the issue whether the foreign relations between the two countries have been strengthened or not lies in the constant discussions and dialogues, thereby ensuring that any activities they deal with do not meet any resistance.Advertising Looking for proposal on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the frequent dialogue between the two countries, they usually take into consideration how to enhance the mutual co-operation between their countries through commerce and other core factors vital to their bilateral and foreign policy framework (Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2011 ). For example, the recent bilateral trade negations called for development of Afghanistan’s transport infrastructure and aviation industry in order to increase trade and relationships between the two countries. It is also vital to note that the diplomatic relations between the two states have existed for the last two decades whereby the UAE under the guidance of its foreign policy has provided grants and expertise to Afghanistan to assist in social-economic development of the Afghans. In addition, the Afghans have been always welcomed in the UAE where they have enjoyed easier travel rules across the UAE. Despite the various changes of regime in Afghanistan, the UAE always maintained diplomatic relations with all the Afghanistan’s political classes and the Taliban because as it continued supporting the Taliban government both politically and economically. Thus, when other International agencies and countries cut diplomatic ties with the Taliban regime and called for sa nctions against Afghanistan, the UAE continued trading with it (UAE Interact, 2011). Nevertheless, with increasing terrorism activities, there was a wide call for sanctions against Afghanistan which resulted in deterioration of relations between these two countries (Anon, 2006). Due to the current security situation in Afghanistan, the UAE central and core issue in the region is to stabilize security situation in the region which has affected both the economical and humanitarian spheres in Afghanistan. Thus, through co-operation and negotiations with other countries, the UAE has contributed 1.5 billion to enhance security and create institutions that maintain security and stability in the country (Hellyer, nd). Methodology Based on the research topic, the researcher applied secondary sources of information as the main form of information for the research. The researcher used his discretion which enabled him to go through large volumes of relevant data both primary and secondary and subsequently select the most appropriate data from published sources which came from books and official websites. The primary data was collected using interviews and questionnaires. The researcher conducted interviews, via phone and issued online surveys. This enabled the researcher to get first hand information from the sources which is, the perspective of the subjects involved and scholars themselves regarding the subject.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on UAE-Afghanistan Foreign Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interviews are an effective way of collecting information since they first establish a close relationship between the interviewer and the interviewees. Through interviews, it is also easy to make follow up when looking for finer details of any interesting piece of information. Researcher used 50 questionnaires distributed evenly across the study group involved. Due to the large amount of inf ormation collected by both interviews and questionnaire data collection methods, they enabled one to conclusively determine the implications of the UAE- Afghanistan relations in the region and what the region could do to increase their diplomatic and economic relations. In order to ensure that the interviews and questionnaires are evenly distributed, the researcher used sampling method whereby the researcher randomly picked from a group of interested interviewees who were used in the data collection process. The countries and population from which the samples were taken from include UAE and Afghanistan. Two types of interviews were used. First type is structured interviews whereby the questionnaire was given out to the respondents to fill out their opinions. The other type is an in-depth interview, which does not involve any rigid questions to be answered. The study used the structured interviews to get answers for some specific questions in order to get uniform results from several respondents. In-depth guided interviews on the other hand gave the respondents a chance to answer questions freely and hold discussions. For the sake of collecting ample information, the research conducted individual interviews several times via the telephone. The choice of qualitative data collection as the methodology to be used was backed by the fact that qualitative research has the capacity of providing detailed information regarding the way a group of people experiences an issue that is being researched. This type of methodology presents the human part of an issue such as the beliefs, opinions or even the expectations of different people. The methodology fits in well with the aim of the research in identifying the impacts the UAE- Afghanistan in the region. Such closeness with the respondents in collecting information can only be achieved by using qualitative methods such interviews.Advertising Looking for proposal on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion In conclusion, the relations between the two countries are very solid despite the war on the terrorism focused on the Taliban in Afghanistan. The UAE and Afghanistan have their embassies in each other capital cities, and the later has both an embassy and consulate in the UAE. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and after the War on Taliban, the UAE was on the front line in the reconstruction of the country. These reconstruction efforts centered on the UAE’s foreign policy of maintaining economical and social security for its neighbors in the Arab league. Thus, in order to achieve this, the UAE has offered economical assistance through economical aid and grants aimed at improving the life of the Afghans destroyed by the war. References Title of Article: United Arab Emirates yearbook. New York, NY: Trident Press Ltd. Author: Anon, T. Bibliographical entry: Anon, T. (2006). United Arab Emirates yearbook. New York, NY: Trident Press Ltd. Summary: In this study, the author describes the humanitarian assistance and reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan have often been interrupted by violence and instability that characterize Afghanistan. Criminal and insurgent forces have continued to threaten the peace and tranquility Afghanistan. Title of Article: Encyclopedia of the Nations. (2003). United Arab Emirates – Foreign policy. Nations’ Encyclopedia. Retrieved from Bibliographical entry: Encyclopedia of the Nations. (2003). United Arab Emirates – Foreign policy. Nations’ Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/World-Leaders-2003/United-Arab-Emirates-FOREIGN-POLICY.html Title of Article: The Evolution of UAE Foreign Policy. Author: Hellyer, P. Bibliographical entry: The Evolution of UAE Foreign Policy. The UAE Interact. Retrieved from: http://www.uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf/perspectives/08.pdf Summary: In this study, the author says that there is basically no hidden interest in the favorable p olicy of UAE towards Afghanistan. This is because, what UAE is doing is primarily within its foreign policy objectives, which include: feeling of identification within the Muslim community, which entails providing development aid and assistance to fellow Muslims. Title of article: UAE-Afghanistan: Extradition treaty signed Author: IPS. Bibliographical entry: IPS. (2011). UAE-Afghanistan: Extradition treaty signed. IPS Agency. Retrieved from: http://www.ipsnotizie.it/wam_en/news.php?idnews=5682 Summary: This article touches on the signing of treaties, UAE and Afghanistan signed an extradition treaty with two other agreements namely: mutual legal assistance in matters of criminality and assistance, and cooperation on civil matters. The treaties were signed by the minister of Justice of the UAE and the minister for foreign affairs of Afghanistan. The signing of the bilateral treaty was motivated by the desire of the UAE to foster its bilateral, regional and international cooperation o n legal and judicial areas Title of Article: The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy Author: Katzman, K. Bibliographical entry: Katzman, K. (2011). The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy. Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved from: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS21852.pdf Summary: In this study, the author is saying that since the collapse of the Taliban government, the UAE has pledged US$ 323 million worth of economic aid to Afghanistan. The UAE has also funded projects like the Zayed University which provides education to approximately 6,000 students of Afghanistan and various drinking wells and mosques. Title of Article: UAE takes action to help promote Afghan investment. Author: Shaheen, K. Bibliographical entry: Shaheen, K. (2010). UAE takes action to help promote Afghan investment. The National. Retrieved from: http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-takes-action-to-help-promote-afghan-investment Summary: In this study, the aut hor shows how the UAE has also taken action in promoting investment in the Afghanistan region. The establishment of the Afghanistan International Investment Friends was an initiative founded with the objective to promote and to advise the Afghanistan authorities on better laws and policies that can help spur investment to enhance the stabilization of the war-ravaged country. Title of Article: Foreign Policy. Author: UAE Embassy Bibliographical entry: UAE Embassy. (2009). Foreign Policy. UAE Embassy. Retrieved from: http://www.uae-embassy.org/uae/foreign-policy Summary: This article is shows how the UAE has positively and immensely contributed to the international efforts of stabilizing Afghanistan and supporting the efforts to have a peaceful Afghanistan. From 2002 to 2008, the UAE has provided humanitarian and development aid to Afghanistan worth US$ 550 million making it the only Arab country to provide the most humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan. Title of Article: Governmen t-Political system. Author: UAE Interact Bibliographical entry: UAE Interact. (2011). Government-Political system. UAE Interact. Retrieved from: http://www.uaeinteract.com/government/foreign_policy.asp UAE Interact. (2011). Summary: This article explains how the UAE has contributed non-combatant troops to Afghanistan as part of its promotion of international security assistance force. This makes it one of the two main Islamic countries with troops in Afghanistan apart for NATO. The government of UAE supports the transitional efforts to increase responsibility to Afghan authorities. This proposal on UAE-Afghanistan Foreign Relations was written and submitted by user Abril Sharp to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. UAE The United Arab Emirates (UAE) operates within a broad framework of foreign policy. The foreign policy of UAE is founded on three main areas: diplomacy, negotiation and compassion. The UAE places the interests of its neighbors and the international community first, particularly with regards to international and regional peace and stability. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on UAE-Afghanistan Foreign Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The UAE, in order to realize these objectives, has promoted bridges, developed partnerships and promoted dialogue. These factors have helped the government of UAE to pursue an affective and balanced international relations and foreign policy. The demand for justice in its international activities with other states, including the belief in the principle of non-interference in internal affairs of sovereign states is the guiding principle of the UAE’s foreign policy . The UAE is dedicated to peaceful resolution of conflict and disputes, respect for international law and a firm implementation of international treaties and conventions. It is a member of both the UN and Arab League hence it has established diplomatic relations with approximately 100 countries in the world. The UAE has provided material and monetary support to various countries (US Department of State, 2011). The relationship between the UAE and Afghanistan dates back to the 1980s during the communist regime when Soviet invaded Afghanistan. During this period, the government of UAE provided humanitarian and financial assistance to the people of Afghanistan to facilitate their fight for freedom. It was also at that time that the people of Afghanistan were welcomed to reside in the UAE. It was after the defeat of the Soviet that Afghan established its embassy in Abu Dhabi in 1993 and this marked the beginning of a diplomatic relationship. Humanitarian Assistance With regards to Afg hanistan, the UAE has positively and immensely contributed to the international efforts of stabilizing Afghanistan and supporting the efforts to have a peaceful Afghanistan. From 2002 to 2008, the UAE has provided humanitarian and development aid to Afghanistan worth US$ 550 million making it the only Arab country to provide the most humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan (UAE Embassy, 2011). Since the Tokyo conference of 2009, the UAE has contributed US$ 1.5 billion to stabilize Afghanistan. Its humanitarian contribution to Afghanistan began in 2003. The UAE Red Crescent has used approximately given US$30 million towards humanitarian aid in Afghanistan. It has made contributions to several projects in Afghanistan. It has also participated in various donor conferences held in Berlin and London with the UAE pledging to support the stability and the rejuvenation of Afghanistan. Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get yo ur first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Red Crescent of the UAE has assisted the Afghan refugees by constructing camps for them on the side of Pakistan and providing them with basic commodities in collaborations with UNHCR. The UAE has also donated relief commodities like vehicles, communication equipments, electronics, and office materials (Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, 2011). Promotion of Peace The UAE has contributed non-combatant troops to Afghanistan as part of its promotion of international security assistance force. This makes it one of the two main Islamic countries with troops in Afghanistan apart for NATO. The government of UAE supports the transitional efforts to increase responsibility to Afghan authorities. Consequently, the UAE took part in NATO’s summit on Regional Economic Cooperation Conference held in Lisbon, Portugal. The summit enabled the UAE to understand the link between security and economy and hence prompting it to hold an investment conference on Afghanistan that targeted three main areas: infrastructure, mining and agriculture (UAE Interact, 2011). Military Mission The UAE has its military personnel in Afghanistan for defense, which is in line with the constitution of UAE. The UAE military on the ground protects humanitarian services as well as enhancing security of the local communities. The modern milestone made in vital sectors like the healthcare, educational and infrastructural development has been achieved with the help of the UAE military personnel. The forces are also active in the promotion of Islamic culture (UAE Embassy, 2009). The UAE troops in Afghanistan have been functioning since 2004, and it is the only Arab force in the country. This force operates in the southern region of the country, specifically in the Uruzgan province where it has been well received by the local population there. Just as provided by the constitution of UAE, the armed forces in Afghanistan only serve defens e purposes due to the constitutional principle. The UAE only endeavors to extend its protection to the people of Afghanistan that it offers to its citizens to her neighbors in the field of national security (UAE, n.d.). The military is also used to perform culturally sensitive and other development activities by supplementing the work of the humanitarian organizations. Provision of Aid and Building of Infrastructure The UAE has actively contributed to the reconstruction of Afghanistan; this year (2011), the foreign minister of UAE announced that it will donate US$ 250 million towards the reconstruction of Afghanistan. The aid was to be managed by the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on UAE-Afghanistan Foreign Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aid was to be used in developing areas of housing for orphans, disabled people and the widows and the rehabilitation of the country’s cities and states. The donation, according to the UAE government was an appreciation of the progress made by the Afghan government despite the difficult times. The two governments have signed a memorandum of understanding on various fields that might require further consultation, particularly agreements on political cooperation. The UAE citizens have also made private contributions of around US$ 22 million towards the rebuilding of Afghanistan. Through these donations, several schools, heath institutions, libraries and mosques have been developed. The creation of the Islamic fund by the UAE was primarily aimed at assisting the people of Afghanistan after the military intervention by US (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2011). Since the collapse of the Taliban government, the UAE has pledged US$ 323 million worth of economic aid to Afghanistan. The UAE has also funded projects like the Zayed University which provides education to approximately 6,000 students of Afgh anistan and various drinking wells and mosques (Katzman, 2011). Promotion of Investment The UAE has also taken action in promoting investment in the Afghanistan region. The establishment of the Afghanistan International Investment Friends was an initiative founded with the objective to promote and to advise the Afghanistan authorities on better laws and policies that can help spur investment to enhance the stabilization of the war-ravaged country. The group would help advice the government on the need to put legislation in place that could protect foreign investment, promote economic growth and facilitate the creation of employment (Shaheen, 2010). Treaties uniting the two Countries On the signing of treaties, UAE and Afghanistan signed an extradition treaty with two other agreements namely: mutual legal assistance in matters of criminality and assistance, and cooperation on civil matters. The treaties were signed by the minister of Justice of the UAE and the minister for foreign a ffairs of Afghanistan. The signing of the bilateral treaty was motivated by the desire of the UAE to foster its bilateral, regional and international cooperation on legal and judicial areas (IPS, 2011). Aviation Industry and Foreign Policy The UAE was among the only three Arab countries that recognized Taliban as the legitimate government in Afghanistan; the other two were Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. During the Taliban regime, the UAE gave lee way to Ariana, the Afghan airlines to continue operating its services. Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was a recipe of smooth financial flows and development of organic relations between the two countries. These relations, however, was strained by the imposition of sanctions on Taliban by the UN, following the September 11 attack, UAE completely disabled its relationship because the Taliban was implicated as one of the prime supporters and sponsors of terrorists. Despite the UAE support for the US-led war on Afghanistan, it has maintained its presence and support of Afghanistan’s people by being the only visible country aiding in humanitarian and reconstruction efforts as well supporting the civilians and refugees (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2003). Any hidden interest in the UAE Foreign Policy There is basically no hidden interest in the favorable policy of UAE towards Afghanistan. This is because, what UAE id doing is primarily within its foreign policy objectives, which include: feeling of identification within the Muslim community, which entails providing developmen t aid and assistance to fellow Muslims. The UAE value their Arab identity and this guides its foreign policies and relations with Arab countries like Afghanistan. Consequently, the UAE is interested in establishing peace and stability within its Gulf neighbors and states of the peninsula; it is within this framework that the UAE is interested in the promotion of close relations with all the states that it shares similar religion, history, language, culture and tribal affinities with, which it is applying in Afghanistan (Hellyer, n.d.). Supplementary role of UAE Military in Afghanistan The humanitarian assistance and reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan have often been interrupted by violence and instability that characterize Afghanistan. Criminal and insurgent forces have continued to threaten the peace and tranquility Afghanistan. These factors have prompted the deployment of troops to serve three main purposes: protection of personnel working for the humanitarian organizations, provide enough security that is necessary for the humanitarian efforts and projects to succeed and to enhance the security, safety and stability of the local environment (Anon., 2006). Conclusion The government of the UAE has been paying a lot of attention on Afghanistan despite the country being ravaged by conflicts. The UAE provided financial and political assistance to the insurgents who fought in the Soviet Union. Immediately, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, UAE came as one among the few governments that recognized the Taliban authority. This was because Taliban controlled around ninety percent of the Afghanistan territory. It is through the reconstruction efforts of the UAE that have led to massive school enrolment, which is a direct result from the increased construction of schools and other learning institutions. The UAE has generally made a huge contribution towards the stabilization of the Afghanistan nation, and thus the stabilization of the whole region in gener al. References Anon. (2006). United Arab Emirates yearbook. New York, NY: Trident Press Ltd. Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. (2011). Afghanistan – UAE. Afghanistan Embassy – UAE. Retrieved from: http://afghanembassy-uae.com/en/afghanistan-uae.html Encyclopedia of the Nations. (2003). United Arab Emirates – Foreign policy. Nations’ Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/World-Leaders-2003/United-Arab-Emirates-FOREIGN-POLICY.html Hellyer, P. (n.d.). The Evolution of UAE Foreign Policy. The UAE Interact. Retrieved from: http://www.uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf/perspectives/08.pdf IPS. (2011). UAE-Afghanistan: Extradition treaty signed. IPS Agency. Retrieved from: http://www.ipsnotizie.it/wam_en/news.php?idnews=5682 Katzman, K. (2011). The United Arab Emirates (UAE): Issues for U.S. Policy. Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved from: http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS21852.pdf Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2011). UAE pledges US$ 250 mn for reconstruction in Afghanistan: Abdullah bin Zayed. Ministry of Foreign Affairs- UAE. Retrieved from: http://mofa.gov.ae/mofa_english/portal/46cabc33-968c-493a-b9e7-830add90ac86.aspx Shaheen, K. (2010). UAE takes action to help promote Afghan investment. The National. Retrieved from: http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/uae-takes-action-to-help-promote-afghan-investment UAE Embassy. (2009). Foreign Policy. UAE Embassy. Retrieved from: http://www.uae-embassy.org/uae/foreign-policy UAE Embassy. (2011). Foreign policy. UAE Embassy. Retrieved from: http://www.uaeembassy-newdelhi.com/theuae_foreignpolicy.asp UAE Interact. (2011). Government-Political system. UAE Interact. Retrieved from: http://www.uaeinteract.com/government/foreign_policy.asp UAE. (n.d). UAE Policy for the Provision of Direct Support to Afghanistan. Abu Dhabi Sites. Retrieved from: http://eaa.abudhabi.ae/Sites/EAA/Content/EN/PDF/Afghanistan-policy-eng,property=pdf,bereich=eaa,sprache =en,rwb=true.pdf US Department of State. (2011). Background Note: United Arab Emirates. State Government. Retrieved from: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5444.htm This research paper on UAE-Afghanistan Foreign Relations was written and submitted by user Krystal Park to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Why do some men and women commit crimes and others do notEssay Writing Service

Essay on Why do some men and women commit crimes and others do notEssay Writing Service Essay on Why do some men and women commit crimes and others do not? Essay on Why do some men and women commit crimes and others do not?Biological determinism holds the premise that human behavior is the result of innate inclinations and instincts which determine the behavior of individuals. With regard to criminology, biological behaviorism implies that criminals are born rather than made. At this point, it is possible to refer to the obvious prevalence of men among offenders and commitment of crimes by both men and women, when crimes are not driven by some reasonable social or material reason, like the poverty of criminals, for example. Hence, biological determinism offers a plausible explanation to the origin and cause of crime, although the question of reason why some men and women commit crimes, while others do not needs additional, detailed research.Literature reviewBiological determinism naturally raises the main debate of criminology concerning whether criminals are born or made (Mann, 1994). Existing studies (Siegel, 2012) reveal multiple fac tors that may and do influence crimes, among which it is possible to distinguish social, environmental, psychological and other factors. However, all those factors and explanations cannot provide the plausible explanation to the question why some men and women do commit crimes, while others do not. For example, existing studies (Hayward, 2004) reveal the trend to the increasing share of women among the total prison population that means that the number of female offenders has increased substantially. Some studies (Siegel, 2012) explain this trend by the emergence of feminism, while others (Mathiesen, 1998) explain this trend by the changed role of women in society since women have started to play more important socioeconomic part and their contribution to society has increased that resulted in the change of their behavior causing crimes among women. However, these studies does not explain why some women commit crimes, while others still do not commit them in spite of profound change s that took place in society and in the position of women.Furthermore, many theorists (Siegel, 2012) attempt to explain crimes committed by men and women by their social environment and other factors, which researchers consider to be determinant but still they fail to explain those crimes, which seem to be unmotivated. In such a situation, even psychological peculiarities are not enough to explain those crimes since individuals may have similar traits of character but still some do commit crimes, while others do not. Therefore, existing studies fail t o provide the plausible explanation to the problem of crimes and their causes among some men and women, while other men and women, who are in the similar position, do not commit crimes.NatureBiological determinism offers a plausible explanation to the question why some men and women do commit crimes, while others do not. Unlike other theories, biological determinism holds the premise that criminal behavior is innate. In other words, cr iminals are born, not made. Therefore, individuals are born with criminal inclinations, while their personal development, social environment and changes in their life can trigger criminal behavior that results in crimes committed by those individuals. On the other hand, some individuals do not have criminal inclinations that are transmitted from parents to children and so on. As a result, some men and women do commit crimes because of their innate predisposition to criminal activities, while others do not have that ‘criminal gene’ and, thus, they do not commit crimes.The strength of biological determinist explanation of crimes committed by some men and women becomes particularly obvious, when unmotivated crimes are taken into consideration and when the family history of offenders is studied in details. To put it more precisely, sometimes crimes are committed without any obvious reason. Such crimes are traditionally explained by certain emotional or psychological conditi on of criminals but people can experience strong emotions, both positive and negative, and still, as a rule, people do not commit crimes. Biological behaviorism insists that it is individuals with ‘criminal gene’, who can commit crimes because of their heredity rather because of their psychological condition. In this regard, the family history can show that criminals have a long lasting criminal family history, with their parents and grandparents having the experience of committing crimes. Hence, criminal behavior can be transmitted from one generation to another via ‘criminal gene.NurtureHowever, biological determinism is severely criticized by theorists, who reject the idea of innate criminal behavior of individuals. As a rule, theorists criticizing biological determinism refer either to social or psychological factors to explain the criminal behavior of   men and women. However, social and psychological explanations cannot justify why some men and women do co mmit crimes, while others do not. For example, the impact of social environment is virtually similar on individuals. If individuals live in one and the same community, they are not necessarily all criminals but some community members, both men and women, can manifest criminal behavioral patterns. In case of such criminals, the justification of their crimes by their social environment does not work, while inherited inclination to criminal behavior can explain why some men and women commit crimes, while others do not.As for psychological factors, they are apparently important but the personality of an individual is shaped under the impact of his or her heredity and social environment. Specific psychological conditions may explain a crime but causes of such conditions may be still justified by genes or heritage of an individual. In other words, some individuals can response to certain psychological condition in a socially acceptable way, while others respond in a criminal way. For exam ple, two individuals may experience similar emotions, be in similar conditions, and have similar traits of character, but still one individual commits a crime, while another does not. In such a case, psychological explanation of the crime does not work. Instead, biological determinism gives the plausible explanation why some men and women do commit crimes, while others do not.ConclusionThus, biological determinism is a plausible theoretical approach that explains why some men and women do commit crimes, while others do not. In fact, the main reason for the difference is the different heritage of individuals since some individuals have the inherited inclination to criminal behavior patterns, while others have inclinations to the standard, socially acceptable behavior. As a result, some men and women do commit crimes because of their ‘criminal gene’ or heritage. Other theoretical explanations are irrelevant since they cannot always explain why some crimes are committed or why some individuals do commit crimes, while others do not. Instead, they just give partial explanation to either the specific type of crimes or specific individuals, who commit crimes.

Christmas Eve Quotes to Celebrate Christmas

Christmas Eve Quotes to Celebrate Christmas There is something magical about Christmas Eve. The restrained excitement, the easy flow of conversation, and the warmth of the wintry night  bring to mind several memorable Christmas Eves that you celebrated earlier. Churchgoers look forward to the Midnight Mass, a special occasion to seek blessings from God for the year ahead. Christmas Around the World Christmas Eve traditions vary across countries. In France, Christmas is a time to connect with family, exchange gifts with loved ones, and attend the Midnight Mass. Kids put shoes near the fireplace so that Papa Noà «l leaves gifts behind. In Russia, Christmas is celebrated on January 7, as per the Orthodox calendar. Russians celebrate Christmas by having a family dinner and meeting up with friends and family. Christmas in Italy is one long celebration, starting from December 24, that is Christmas Eve, going right up to January 6, the Epiphany. Nativity scenes, Christmas lights and decorations, traditional costumes, and feasting dominate the scene. Most families have their own special Christmas Eve traditions. While each family prides itself in creating its own traditions, many of the observances are common among families. Traditions on Christmas Eve The Midnight Mass is a common tradition in most Catholic families. People head to their church for a special prayer service. There are many traditions surrounding the Christmas tree, Christmas decorations,  the Yule log, the Mistletoe, carol singing, and of course, Christmas stockings. Let us not forget ​Santa Claus, who adds his own charm to the spirit of Christmas. Abundant  stories and legends about Santa Claus have kept the myth alive, creating a world of magic in the eyes of little children. Santa Claus is not just a giver of gifts, he epitomizes hope and joy that is so integral to Christmas celebration. Famous Quotes About Christmas Enjoy these Christmas Eve quotes with your loved ones. Charles Dickens Happy, happy Christmas, that can win us back to the delusions of our childhood days, recall to the old man the pleasures of his youth, and transport the traveler back to his own fireside and quiet home! Bill McKibben There is no ideal Christmas; only the one Christmas you decide to make as a reflection of your values, desires, affections, traditions. Norman Vincent Peale I truly believe that if we keep telling the Christmas story, singing the Christmas songs, and living the Christmas spirit, we can bring joy and happiness and peace to this world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sir Walter Scott Twas Christmas broachd the mightiest ale; Twas Christmas told the merriest tale; A Christmas gambol oft could cheer The poor mans heart through half the year. Alexander Smith Christmas is the day that holds all time together. Helen Steiner Rice Bless us Lord, this Christmas with quietness of mind. Teach us to be patient and always to be kind. Hamilton Wright Mabi Blessed is the season, which engages the whole world in a conspiracy of love. Clement C. Moore, The Night Before Christmas Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer and Vixen! On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Donner and Blitzen! Mother Goose Christmas is coming, the geese are getting fat, Please to put a penny in an old mans hat; If you havent got a penny a hapenny will do, If you havent got a hapenny, God bless you. Bess Alrich Christmas Eve was a night of song that wrapped itself about you like a shawl. But it warmed more than your body. It warmed your heart†¦ filled it, too, with a melody that would last forever. Ray Evans, Silver Bells Silver bells, silver bells, Its Christmas time in the city. Orson Welles Now Im an old Christmas tree, the roots of which have died. They just come along and while the little needles fall off me replace them with medallions. W. T. Ellis It is Christmas in the heart that puts Christmas in the air.   Alfred, Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam The time draws near the birth of Christ; The moon is hid; the night is still; The Christmas bells from hill to hill Answer each other in the mist. Ada V. Hendricks May you have the gladness of Christmas which is hope; The spirit of Christmas which is peace; The heart of Christmas which is love.

An human rights be universal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

An human rights be universal - Essay Example And on the other, we have poor countries like India and Bangladesh where people do not even have enough to consume. How can these two different types of societies develop similar definitions of human rights or implement similar human right laws Human rights for someone in India may be having enough to eat and a place to keep oneself warm, while it has an entirely different meaning for someone in the United States. But human rights can and should be universal in nature as we shall discover from our discussion in this paper. All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated. The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis. While the significance of national and regional particularities and various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, regardless of their political, economic and cultural systems, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms. (United Nations 1993) But West may not be trying to integrate cultures into human rights definition for the sake of stamping its superiority but the main aim was to counter human rights violation in traditionalist Asian societies. The reality of an interdependent world has only recently dawned upon us and this has brought cultures and societies closer accentuating their differences. But these differences and the resulting furor over the concept of human rights being universal should not undermine the idea that world is interdependent and more closely linked than we previously assumed. The Declaration's provision of basic civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights for "all members of the human family" has helped the world understand that we need "a common standard of achievement for all peoples and nations."(UN, 1948) The fact that United Nations chose to develop a new definition of human rights which it believes can be universally applies show its faith in human beings' "substantial capacity for moral understanding and progress." (Nickel: p. 41) The concept of human rights is not something new and can be traced back to philosophies of antiquity but it was in the last few centuries that they began taking their present form. However the inclusion of universalism in human rights is one concept which is not even a few decades old. Many events, declarations and globalization later we can summarize fundamental tenets of human rights law as follows: Every human being has certain rights that are inherent. Such rights can be enumerated or deduced; they are not earned or acquired but inhere in all people by virtue of their humanity alone. Every human being's basic rights are indefeasible or inalienable--that is, such rights can never be annulled or denied by outside parties or even by the affected individuals themselves. Conflicts between different rights must be resolved in accordance with just and impartial laws and procedures. (Sieghart, p.8) Human rights proponents offer some fair definitions of human rights w

Music in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Music in China - Essay Example The towns in China have had the chance to embrace modernity and with the same form of energy from the western counterparts that have embraced the upcoming genres of music. In the small villages and towns there are often loud speakers releasing chunks of sound that carry music especially the latest pop songs. Besides the pop genre, the Pavarotti and Muzak are some of the genres that still carry instances of traditional systems of sound. (Shen 41-44) The music system of China has been basically influenced by the Western music over the past few decades. So much of the western ideas have been embraced mostly by the university students that take up lessons and composition classes that basically contain a model influenced generally by the western genres of music with only a few opting to take up the lessons on the composition of Chinese traditional music. On the other hand, the shops that are basically supposed to be selling music productions have also gone the western way with most of the compositions ranging from the romantic kinds as well as the Italian operas. Furthermore, in the streets whereby there is a booming sale of pirated CDs with low prices as well as the tapes are mostly expected to show higher orders from the young who have it upon themselves to request for the hits from the US and from Europe. There have been instances whereby the authorities have tried to put a stop to this kind of illegal trade but it has still mana ged to thrive underground. (Shen 45-51) In the 90s, there were frequent births of various rock bands of Chinese origins that have grown to become so popular and worth mentioning when we are talking about music in general and how much it has come of age especially in contemporary China. An example of such a band is the Cobra band that was an all women band that has gained a formal level of notoriety for their professionalism in doing their best for this genre of music. During this period, there was little understanding as the Chinese artists were trying to come up with the kinds of materials to reach the level of what was being heard in the west. The most controversial and one of the most famous artists during this time was Cui Jian who was credited as the pioneer that brought rock music to the limelight. He has a similar style in the kind of music he put out though some critics saw his ideas to have a basic antagonistic approach to the Chinese traditions and that some of the songs w ere basically politically oriented in their compositions. He was basically trained as player of the trumpet and he held some form of orchestra leadership position after which he was dismissed in the 80s (Rees 28-36). The traditional music on the other hand has its own form of history and has completely followed a different journey. There were various genres of folk songs that have a close relation to the imperial traditions such as that of temple and courtly music merely survived the great fall of the imperial dynasty and hence some of the traditional forms of music especially the strong folks that were basically revived since the durations of the Cultural Revolution in the villages. Some of the traditional forms of music that are basically available in many public places in china and which are mostly available on CD as well as in cassettes in the United Kingdom include the ritual music. (Rees 37-40) The ritual music comprises of the songs that were performed initially mostly in the Daoist and Buddhist temples. The rituals involved the monks and nuns who basically